What is a polyphonic synthesizer?
Polyphony is a measure of how many notes can be played individually at the same time. On a piano every note can sound and be played at the same time. With electronic instruments that number is limited by the technology and circuits in the machine. Often polyphony is expressed in “voices” which takes into account how the notes are being articulated through the synthesizer. That’s what we’ve done here. There are many polyphonic synths that articulate all the notes through a single filter and amplifier and these would be described as note-polyphonic rather than voice-polyphonic. There’s plenty of confusion around the exact use of these terms but if a synth is properly described then everyone knows what you mean!
How much polyphony do I need in a synth?
Polyphony helps with two things. It allows you to play chords and it lets notes overlap as you play. You would often play chords with three fingers, and sometimes five or six. So polyphony tends to start at 4 voices. Most commonly you’ll find that 8-voices is the sweet spot. It gives enough room for large chords and so overlap between notes. On the other hand the Prophet-5 with it’s 5 voices is one of the most popular polysynths ever built.
Why are polyphonic synths so expensive?
Analog polyphonic synthesizers can be expensive because for each voice, you essentially need a whole other synthesizer. So the Oberheim OB-X8 has 8 voice cards containing the oscillator, filter and amplifier that makes up the main part of the synth. That’s why you’ll find digital synthesizers much cheaper because they can emulate those voices in software.